Guest expert - When treatment is necessary, family history, and eye problems

Boris Draznin, MD, PhD, professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and Director of Research, Denver VA Medical Center

Q. After my checkup, my doctor told me that I have type 2 diabetes. I feel fine. Is treatment necessary?

A. First of all, it is important for you to know what this diagnosis was based on. (What were the results of your blood sugar test?) Even though you “feel fine,” you may well have or have had symptoms that you ignored. For example, have you been getting up at night to drink because you are thirsty?

Once you understand the basis of your diagnosis and know the levels of sugar in your blood, your doctor may suggest different alternatives.A change in diet and exercise is a first step. Although it does not come in the form of a pill or a shot, it is critical that you view a change in lifestyle as a treatment. Even if medications are prescribed, they may not be effective unless you change your approach to eating and exercising.

In short, once you are diagnosed, treatment becomes necessary. If you are not treated, your metabolism will continue to deteriorate and you may well develop both acute and chronic complications.

Q. I know that family history may be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. I was recently diagnosed with this disorder; is there anything my children can do to lessen their chances of getting it?

A. Family history does impose a significant risk for type 2diabetes. However, whether there is a family history or not, the best way to prevent (or delay) diabetes is by following a healthy lifestyle. Maintaining a healthy weight means keeping your weight in the “normal” category on the BMI Table (see www.healthmonitor.com/BMI). Also, be as active as possible. A healthy lifestyle has been shown to prevent diabetes in approximately 60% of those at high risk for this disease.

The best advice to your kids is that they be physically active and not become overweight.

Q. I have heard that diabetes may lead to eye problems. What can I do to keep my eyes healthy?

A. Depending upon the severity of diabetes, problems can range from an inability to focus to vision-threatening disorders (e.g.,retinopathy). Because your eyes may be having problems before you notice any symptoms, it is important to have an eye exam by an eye specialist at least once a year.

Have a health question? Email Ask the Experts at DiabetesEditor@healthmonitor.com. Please note that we may edit your question.